1950s

The 1950s (pronounced nineteen-fifties; commonly abbreviated as the "Fifties" or the "'50s", among other variants) was a decade that began on 1 January 1950, and ended on 31 December 1959. Throughout the decade, the world continued its recovery from World War II, aided by the post-World War II economic expansion. The period also saw great population growth with increased birth rates and the emergence of the baby boomer generation. Despite this recovery, the Cold War developed from its modest beginnings in the late 1940s to a heated competition between the Soviet Union and the United States by the early 1960s. The ideological clash between communism and capitalism dominated the decade, especially in the Northern Hemisphere. In the United States, a wave of anti-communist sentiment known as the Second Red Scare or McCarthyism resulted in Congressional hearings by both houses in Congress. In the Soviet Union, the death of Joseph Stalin would lead to a political campaign and reforms known as "de-Stalinization" initiated by Nikita Khrushchev, eventually leading to the deterioration between the relationship of the Soviet Union and China in the 1950s. The beginning of the Cold War led to the beginning of the Space Race with the launch of Sputnik 1 in 1957; the United States would create NASA in response in 1958. Along with increased testing of nuclear weapons (such as RDS-37 and Upshot–Knothole) called the arms race, the tense geopolitical situation created a politically conservative climate. The beginning of decolonization in Africa and Asia also took place in this decade and accelerated in the following one, leading to several wars and conflicts throughout the decade. Other wars that occurred throughout the 1950s include the First Indochina War (1946–1954), Malayan Emergency (1948–1960), Korean War (1950–1953), the Algerian War (1954–1962), the First Sudanese Civil War (1955–1972), the Vietnam War...