Aneran

Anērān, or Nērān; is an ethnolinguistic term that signifies "non-Iranian" or "non-Iran" (non-Aryan). Thus, in a general sense, 'Aniran' signifies lands where Iranian languages are not spoken. In a pejorative sense, it denotes "a political and religious enemy of Iran and Zoroastrianism." Thus, it is a cognate of both Avestan 𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀 Anairiia (lit. 'foreign, non-Aryan') as well as Sanskrit अनार्य Anārya (lit. 'destitute of Aryans, ignoble, inferior, vulgar; someone not versed with the Vedas or its summaries (e.g., the Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, etc.)') The term 'Aniran' derives from Middle Persian anērān, Pahlavi ʼnyrʼn, an antonym of ērān that in turn denoted either the people or the Sasanian Empire. However, "in Zoroastrian literature and possibly in Sasanian political thought as well, the term has also a markedly religious connotation. An anēr person is not merely non-Iranian, but specifically non-Zoroastrian; and anēr designates also worshipers of the dēws ("demons") or adherents of other religions." In these texts of the ninth to twelfth century, "Arabs and Turks are called anēr, as are Muslims generally, the latter in a veiled manner."