Arverni

The Arverni (Gaulish: *Aruernoi) were a Gallic people of the late Iron Age and the Roman period, whose territory lay in the Massif Central of central Gaul, in the area of the later Auvergne. They were one of the most powerful tribes of ancient Gaul, contesting primacy over the region with the neighbouring Aedui. They are mentioned in 207 BC as treating with Carthaginian commandant Hasdrubal Barca. Headed by their chiefs Luernius and Bituitus, the Arverni dominated many of the neighbouring peoples. After Bituitus was defeated by Domitius Ahenobarbus and Fabius Maximus in 121 BC, this dominance was reduced to suzerainty over a few neighbouring tribes. In 52 BC, during the Gallic Wars, the Arvernian chief Vercingetorix led the Gallic revolt against the armies of Caesar. After an initial victory at the Battle of Gergovia, Vercingetorix was defeated by the Romans at the Battle of Alesia, after which the Arverni lost their power of suzerainty. They maintained however a status of civitas libera, and remained a prosperous tribe during the Roman period. Under Roman rule the Arverni formed one of the largest civitates of Aquitania, with its capital at Augustonemetum, the later Clermont-Ferrand. Following Alemannic invasions of the region in the 3rd century AD, Clermont-Ferrand was reduced in size but remained an important centre during the later part of the Roman period. In 475, despite a heroic struggle led by their bishop Sidonius Apollinaris and the aristocrat Ecdicius, the Arvernian territory was eventually ceded to the Visigoths.