Colossus (data center)

Colossus is the name used for a cluster of data centers developed by xAI (later SpaceXAI) in the Memphis, Tennessee–Southaven, Mississippi area. The original facility, Colossus 1, began construction in 2024 at a former Electrolux plant in South Memphis and became operational in July–September 2024. Its primary purpose was to train the company's chatbot Grok; it also supported other projects associated with Elon Musk, including the social network X and SpaceX. A second major facility, Colossus 2 (also referred to as Macrohard), was developed beginning in 2025 at 5420 Tulane Road in the Whitehaven area of Memphis, with associated power generation across the state line in Southaven, Mississippi. Additional nearby buildings (sometimes called Minihard and Macrohardrr / Colossus 3) expanded the cluster. As of mid-2026 the combined sites provided on the order of 1 gigawatt of AI compute capacity. In May 2026 Anthropic agreed to rent essentially all compute capacity at Colossus 1. On June 5, 2026, Google agreed to rent access to approximately 110,000 GPUs from SpaceX beginning October 2026 through June 2029 for $920 million per month; the specific facility was not publicly identified by SpaceX. Training of newer Grok models shifted primarily to Colossus 2 and related sites.