Drip irrigation

Drip irrigation or trickle irrigation is a type of micro-irrigation system that has the potential to save water and nutrients by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants, either from above the soil surface or buried below the surface. The goal is to place water directly into the root zone and minimize evaporation. Drip irrigation systems distribute water through a network of valves, pipes, tubing, and emitters. Depending on how well designed, installed, maintained, and operated it is, a drip irrigation system can be more efficient than other types of irrigation systems, such as surface irrigation or sprinkler irrigation. While ancient examples of reduced-evaporation farming have been documented in China, the system that farmers and scientists use today was invented in Israel. As of 2023, 3% of the world's farmers use drip irrigation, mostly for row crops, greenhouses, and vineyards.