Fleischer Studios

Fleischer Studios () was an American animation studio founded in 1929 by brothers Max and Dave Fleischer, who ran the pioneering company from its inception until its acquisition by Paramount Pictures in 1942, the parent company and the distributor of its films. In its prime, Fleischer Studios was a premier producer of animated cartoons for theaters, with Walt Disney Productions being its chief competitor in the 1930s. Fleischer Studios included Out of the Inkwell and Talkartoons characters such as Koko the Clown, Betty Boop, Bimbo, Popeye the Sailor, Gabby and Superman. The cartoons of the New York City-based Fleischer Studios were very different from those of Disney, both in concept and in execution. As a result, they were rough rather than refined and consciously artistic rather than commercial, focusing on surrealism, dark humor, adult psychological elements, and sexuality. Furthermore, the environments were grittier and urban, often set in squalid surroundings, reflecting the Great Depression as well as German Expressionism. After the implementation of the Hays Code and a labor strike causing the studio to move to Miami, the studio's output pivoted towards imitating Disney's style, resulting in a decline of its output quality and eventual reorganization into Famous Studios.