GroenLinks

GroenLinks (Dutch: [ɣrunˈlɪŋks], lit. 'GreenLeft', GL) was a green and social democratic political party in the Netherlands. It was formed on 1 March 1989 from the merger of four left-wing parties: the Communist Party of the Netherlands, the Pacifist Socialist Party, the Political Party of Radicals and the Evangelical People's Party, which shared left-wing and progressive ideals and had previously co-operated in the Rainbow coalition for the 1989 European Parliament election. After disappointing results in the 1989 and 1994 general election, the nascent party fared particularly well in the 1998 and 2002 elections under the leadership of Paul Rosenmöller, who came to be seen as the unofficial Leader of the Opposition against the first Kok cabinet, a purple government. The party's number of seats fell from ten to four seats in the 2012 election, before increasing to 14 in 2017 and falling back to eight in 2021. After the 2021 general election, the party intensified cooperation with the Labour Party (PvdA) in an alliance called GroenLinks–PvdA. The two parties participated in both the 2023 and 2025 general elections with a joint candidate list, and currently have a joint parliamentary group of 20 seats. The merged into a single party, called Progressief Nederland, on 1 July 2026. GroenLinks described itself as "green", "social" and "tolerant". The party's voters were concentrated in larger cities, particularly in university towns.