Jet lag

Jet lag is a temporary physiological condition that occurs when a person's circadian rhythm is out of sync with the time zone they are in, and is a typical result from travelling rapidly across multiple time zones (east–west or west–east). For example, someone travelling from New York to London, i.e. from west to east, feels as if the time were five hours earlier than local time, and someone travelling from London to New York, i.e. from east to west, feels as if the time were five hours later than local time. The phase shift when travelling from east to west is referred to as phase-delay of the circadian cycle, whereas going west to east is phase-advance of the cycle. Most travellers find that it is harder to adjust time zones when travelling east. Jet lag is caused by a misalignment between the internal circadian clock and the external environment, and it has been classified within the category of a circadian rhythm sleep disorder, reflecting its basis in disrupted biological timing rather than general travel fatigue. The condition may last several days before a traveller becomes fully adjusted to a new time zone; it takes on average one day per hour of time zone change to reach circadian re-entrainment. Jet lag is especially an issue for airline pilots, aircraft crew, and frequent travellers. Airlines have regulations aimed at combating pilot fatigue caused by jet lag. Jet lag has been the subject of research across multiple fields including chronobiology, sleep medicine, and aviation health. Numerous peer-reviewed studies have examined its underlying mechanisms, health implications, and treatment strategies. Research efforts are ongoing, particularly within laboratories focused on circadian biology and sleep disorders, reflecting the condition's relevance to both clinical practice and occupational health. The term jet lag was created after the arrival of...