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Koide formula

Unexplained empirical equation in particle physics

The Koide formula is an unexplained empirical equation proposed by Yoshio Koide ([ko.i.de]) in 1981. It relates the masses of the charged leptons, the electron, muon and tau in the following way: Q = m e + m μ + m τ ( m e + m μ + m τ ) 2 = 2 3 , {\displaystyle Q={\frac {m_{\text{e}}+m_{\mu }+m_{\tau }}{\left({\sqrt {m_{\text{e}}}}+{\sqrt {m_{\mu }}}+{\sqrt {m_{\tau }}}\right)^{2}}}={\frac {2}{3}},} This exact value of 2 3 {\displaystyle {\frac {2}{3}}} is still within experimental bounds as of 2024.

From Wikipedia

The Koide formula is an unexplained empirical equation proposed by Yoshio Koide ([ko.i.de]) in 1981. It relates the masses of the charged leptons, the electron, muon and tau in the following way: Q = m e + m μ + m τ ( m e + m μ + m τ ) 2 = 2 3 , {\displaystyle Q={\frac {m_{\text{e}}+m_{\mu }+m_{\tau }}{\left({\sqrt {m_{\text{e}}}}+{\sqrt {m_{\mu }}}+{\sqrt {m_{\tau }}}\right)^{2}}}={\frac {2}{3}},} This exact value of 2 3 {\displaystyle {\frac {2}{3}}} is still within experimental bounds as of 2024. Koide's formula was first derived based on a preon model that also predicted values for quarks and CKM angles. However, these other predictions are now ruled out experimentally. Later authors have extended similar relations to neutrinos, quarks, and other families of particles.

Text: Wikipédia, CC BY-SA 4.0. · Image: Михаил Круглов (CC BY-SA 4.0) ·

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