Lactobacillus

Lactobacillus is a genus of gram-positive bacteria within the Lactobacillaceae family. Members of the genus are aerotolerant anaerobes or microaerophilic, rod-shaped, and do not form endospores. Until 2020, the genus Lactobacillus comprised 261 phylogenetically, ecologically, and metabolically diverse species; a taxonomic revision of the genus reassigned many former Lactobacillus species to 25 genera (see § Taxonomy below). Lactobacillus species constitute a significant component of the human and animal microbiota at a number of body sites, such as the digestive system and female genital system. Lactobacillus species are normally a major part of the vaginal microbiota. Lactobacillus forms biofilms in the vaginal and gut microbiota, allowing them to persist in harsh environmental conditions and maintain ample populations. Lactobacillus exhibits a mutualistic relationship with the human body, as it protects the host against potential invasions by pathogens, and in turn, the host provides a source of nutrients. Lactobacilli are among the most common probiotics found in food such as yogurt, and the bacteria are diverse in their application in maintaining well-being, by helping to treat diarrhea, vaginal infections, and skin disorders such as eczema.