Libyan crisis

The Libyan crisis is the current humanitarian crisis and political-military instability occurring in Libya, beginning with the Arab Spring protests of 2011, which led to two civil wars, foreign military intervention, and the ousting and killing of Muammar Gaddafi. The first civil war's aftermath and proliferation of armed groups led to violence and instability across the country, which erupted into renewed civil war in 2014. The second war lasted until 23 October 2020, when all parties agreed to a permanent ceasefire and negotiations. The crisis in Libya has resulted in tens of thousands of casualties since the onset of violence in early 2011. During both civil wars, the output of Libya's economically crucial oil industry collapsed to a small fraction of its usual level, despite having the largest oil reserves of any African country, with most facilities blockaded or damaged by rival groups. The parallels between the revolutions in Libya and Syria are sometimes viewed in opposition to each other. Since March 2022, two different governments control the country: the Tripoli-based and internationally recognized Government of National Unity, which controls the western part of the country and is led by Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh; and the House of Representatives-recognized Government of National Stability, which nominally governs the central and eastern part of Libya and is led by Osama Hammad under the de facto rule of the Libyan National Army and its commander Khalifa Haftar. The war has caused a significant loss of economic potential in Libya, estimated at 783.2 billion Libyan dinars from 2011 to 2021. By 2022, the humanitarian situation had improved, though challenges remain.