Long-distance running

Long-distance running, or endurance running, is a form of continuous running over distances of at least 3 km (1.9 mi). Physiologically, it is essentially aerobic in nature and requires stamina as well as mental strength. Within endurance running come two different types of respiration. Usually runners tend to experience aerobic respiration. This occurs when oxygen is present, and the body can utilize oxygen to help generate energy and muscle activity. Conversely, anaerobic respiration occurs when the body is deprived of oxygen. This is common towards the final stretch of races when there is a drive to speed up to a greater intensity. Overall, both types of respiration are used by endurance runners, however the two are very different from each other. Among mammals, humans are well adapted for running significant distances, particularly so among primates. The capacity for endurance running is also found in migratory ungulates and a limited number of terrestrial carnivores, such as bears, dogs, wolves, and hyenas. In modern human society, long-distance running has multiple purposes: people may engage in it for physical exercise, for recreation, as a means of travel, as a competitive sport, for economic reasons, or cultural reasons. Long-distance running can also be used as a means to improve cardiovascular health. In fact, endurance running is often a component of physical military training. Long-distance running as a form of tradition or ceremony is known among the Hopi and Tarahumara people, among others. In the sport of athletics, long-distance events are defined as races covering 3 km (1.9 mi) and above. The three most common types are track running, road running, and cross country running, all of which are defined by their terrain – all-weather tracks, roads, and natural terrain, respectively. Accessibility of long-distance running has helped it become a lasting trend of the 2020s....