Lundy

Lundy is an English island in the Bristol Channel. It forms part of the district of Torridge in the county of Devon. About 5 km (3 mi) long and 1 km (0.625 mi) wide, Lundy has had a long and turbulent history, frequently changing hands between the British crown and various usurpers. In the 1920s, the island's owner, Martin Harman, tried to issue his own coinage and was fined. In 1941, two German Heinkel He 111 bombers crash-landed on the island, and their crews were captured. In 1969, Lundy was purchased by British millionaire Jack Hayward, who donated it to the National Trust. It is now managed by the Landmark Trust, a conservation charity that derives its income from day trips and holiday lettings, most visitors arriving by boat from Bideford or Ilfracombe. A local tourist curiosity is the special "Puffin" postage stamp, a collector's item in a category known by philatelists as "local carriage labels". The de Marisco family were the first known tyrannical owners of Lundy in the 12th century. They recognized the island as an impregnable stronghold and held it despite the crown granting it twice to the Knights Templar. As a steep, rocky island, often shrouded by fog, Lundy has been the scene of many shipwrecks, and the remains of its old lighthouse installations are of both historic and scientific interest. Its present-day lighthouses, both of which are solar-powered, are fully automated. Lundy has a rich bird life, as it lies on major migration routes, and hosts many vagrant as well as indigenous species. It also contains a variety of marine habitats, with rare seaweeds, sponges and corals. In 2010, the island became Britain's first Marine Conservation Zone.