Methodism

Methodism, also called the Methodist movement, is a Protestant Christian tradition whose origins, doctrines and practice derive from the life and teachings of John Wesley. George Whitefield and John's brother Charles Wesley were also significant early leaders in the movement. They were named Methodists for "the methodical way in which they carried out their Christian faith". Methodism originated as a revival movement within the Church of England in the 18th century, though Methodism diverged from Anglicanism and became a separate denomination after Wesley's death. The evangelical movement spread throughout the British Empire, the United States and beyond due to vigorous missionary work, and today has about 50 million adherents worldwide. Most Methodist denominations are members of the World Methodist Council. Wesleyan theology, formulated by John Wesley and codified by the systematic theologian John William Fletcher, is upheld by the Wesleyan Methodist denominations; it focuses on sanctification and the transforming effect of the Holy Spirit on the character of a Christian, exemplified by living a victorious life over sin. Unique to Wesleyan Methodism is its definition of sin: a "voluntary transgression of a known law of God." Distinguishing doctrines include the new birth, imparted righteousness, and obedience to God manifested in performing works of piety. John Wesley held that entire sanctification was "the grand depositum", or foundational doctrine, of the Methodist faith, and its propagation was the reason God brought Methodists into existence. Methodists hold that the witness of the Holy Spirit assures the believer of having experienced the new birth, as well as entire sanctification. Scripture is considered the primary authority, but Methodists also look to Christian tradition, including the historic creeds. Wesleyan Methodists teach that Jesus Christ, the Son of God, died for all of humanity and that salvation is achievable for all. This is the Arminian doctrine, as...