Musa Manarov

Musa Khiramanovich Manarov (Russian: Муса Хираманович Манаров; Lak: Муса Хираманнул арс Маннаров; born 22 March 1951) is a former Soviet cosmonaut who spent 541 days in space. He was a colonel in the Soviet Air Force and graduated from the Moscow Aviation Institute with an engineering qualification in 1974. Musa was selected as a cosmonaut on 1 December 1978. From 21 December 1987 to 21 December 1988, he flew as flight engineer on Soyuz TM-4. The flight duration was 365 days, 22 hours, and 38 minutes. From 2 December 1990 to 26 May 1991, he flew again as a flight engineer on Soyuz TM-11. The duration was 175 days, 1 hour, and 50 minutes, the longest continuous time spent in space by anyone at that time. During his 176-day stay, Manarov observed the Earth and worked in space manufacturing. He also performed more than 20 hours of spacewalks. Manarov lives in Russia. He was a member of the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the 5th convocation (2007–2011) as part of the United Russia faction.