Nehushtan

In the biblical Books of Kings (2 Kings 18:4; written c. 550 BC), the Nehushtan (; Hebrew: נְחֻשְׁתָּן, romanized: Nəḥuštān [nəħuʃtaːn]) is the bronze image of a serpent on a pole. The image is described in the Book of Numbers, where Yahweh instructed Moses to erect it so that the Israelites who saw it would be cured and be protected from dying from the bites of the "fiery serpents", which Yahweh had sent to punish them for speaking against him and Moses (Numbers 21:4–9). According to 2 Kings 18:4, King Hezekiah instituted an iconoclastic reform: "He abolished the shrines, smashed the pillars, and cut down the sacred post. He also broke into pieces the bronze serpent that Moses had made, for until that time, the Israelites had been offering sacrifices to it; it was called Nehushtan." Historical research in several Canaanite cities has discovered the cultic use of bronze serpents. It may have represented traces of an older medical and healing tradition which extended beyond the Levant.