Qinghai

Qinghai is an inland province in Northwestern China. It is the largest province of China (excluding autonomous regions) by area and has the third-smallest population, with its capital and largest city being Xining. Qinghai borders Gansu on the northeast, Xinjiang on the northwest, Sichuan on the southeast, and the Tibet Autonomous Region on the southwest. Qinghai province was established in 1928 during the period of the Republic of China, and until 1949 was ruled by Hui Chinese Muslim warlords known as the Ma clique. The Chinese name "Qinghai" is after Qinghai Lake, the largest lake in China. In Tibetan, the lake is known as མཚོ སྔོན་པོ (Mtsho-sngon-po) or Tso ngönpo ("Blue Lake or Sea"). In English, it is sometimes referred to as Koko Nor, derived from the Classical Mongolian Oirat name for Qinghai Lake, ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ (köke naɣur); the modern Mongolian name is Хөхнуур (Höhnuur). Both Tso ngönpo and Koko Nor are names found in historic documents to describe the region. Located mostly on the Tibetan Plateau, the province is inhabited by a number of peoples including the Han (concentrated in the provincial capital of Xining, nearby Haidong, and Haixi), Tibetans, Hui, Mongols, Monguors, and Salars. According to the 2021 census reports, Tibetans constitute a fifth of the population of Qinghai and the Hui compose roughly a sixth of the population. There are over 37 recognized ethnic groups among Qinghai's population of 5.6 million, with ethnic minorities making up a total of 49.5% of the population. The area of Qinghai came under the control of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty around 1724, after their defeat of Khoshut Mongols who previously controlled most of the area. After the Xinhai Revolution and the ensuing fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912, Qinghai came under Chinese Muslim warlord Ma Qi's control until the Northern...