Ramakien

The Ramakien (Thai: รามเกียรติ์, RTGS: Rammakian, pronounced [rāːm.mā.kīa̯n]; lit. 'Glory of Rama'; sometimes also spelled Ramakian) is one of Thailand's national epics. It is a Thai version of the ancient Indian Hindu epic Ramayana, and an important part of the Thai literary canon. King Rama VI (r. 1910 – 1925) was the first person to shed light first on the Ramayana studies in Thailand, by tracing the sources of the Ramakien, comparing it with the Sanskrit Valmiki Ramayana. He found that the Ramakien was influenced by three sources: the Valmiki's Ramayana, the Vishnu Purana, and Hanuman Nataka. A number of versions of the epic were lost in the destruction of Ayutthaya in 1767. Three versions currently exist, one of which was prepared in 1797 under the supervision of (and partly written by) King Rama I. His son, Rama II, rewrote some parts of his father's version for khon drama. The work has had an important influence on Thai literature, art and drama (both the khon and nang dramas being derived from it). Dawn F. Rooney compares the Thai text with the Burmese Yama Pyazat Daw-gyi, also called Thiri Rama, and finds the character of Hanuman differs between them. In the Ramakien he is flirtatious, with several amorous relationships and two children, whereas in the Burmese version he is celibate and decorous, which she takes to follow Vālmīki more closely. She also observes that the mid-19th-century stone panels at Wat Phra Chetuphon in Bangkok do not carry the whole story. The sequence ends with Hanuman killing the demon Sahatsadecha. While the main story is similar to that of the Dasaratha Jataka, differences in some tales still prevail. Many other aspects were transposed into a Thai context, such as the clothes, weapons, topography, and elements of nature, which are described as being...