Sapere aude

Sapere aude is the Latin phrase meaning "Dare to know"; can also be loosely translated as "Have courage to use your own reason" or "Dare to know things through reason." Originally used in the Roman poet Horace's First Book of Letters (20 BC), the phrase Sapere aude became associated with the Age of Enlightenment during the 17th and 18th centuries after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay "Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment?" (1784). As a philosopher, Kant claimed the phrase Sapere aude as the motto for the entirety of the Enlightenment period, and used it to develop his theories for the application of reason in the public sphere of human affairs. In 1984, Michel Foucault's essay "What is Enlightenment?" took up Kant's formulation of "dare to know" in an attempt to find a place for the individual man and woman in post-structuralist philosophy, and so come to terms with what he alleges is the problematic legacy of the Enlightenment period. Moreover, in the essay The Baroque Episteme: The Word and the Thing (2013) Jean-Claude Vuillemin proposed that the Latin phrase Sapere aude be the motto of the Baroque episteme. The phrase is widely used as a motto, especially by educational institutions.