Stadler FLIRT

Stadler FLIRT (Fast Light Innovative Regional Train) is a family of passenger multiple unit trainsets made by Stadler Rail of Switzerland. The trains have a maximum speed of 127 to 200 kilometres per hour (79 to 124 mph). While the standard FLIRT is an EMU powered by overhead lines, a modular PowerPack car can be added for off-wire operation. The PowerPack may contain diesel engines, hydrogen fuel cells, batteries, or combinations thereof, while traction remains fully electric. This modular setup allows operation on both electrified and non-electrified routes. The FLIRT was originally developed for the Swiss Federal Railways and first delivered in 2004. The design proved highly successful and adaptable, leading to orders for more than 2,750 units from operators across 24 countries. The first bi-mode FLIRT units, combining overhead electric operation with diesel power packs, were ordered by Italy's Aosta Valley region in 2015. Tri-mode versions, combining diesel, electric, and battery operation, were first ordered by Transport for Wales in 2018. The first hydrogen fuel-cell variant was ordered in 2019 for Arrow in San Bernardino County, California, United States.