Transgressive art

Transgressive art refers to artistic practices that violate or challenge established boundaries, conventions, or taboos. Transgression may be directed against the conventions of the art world itself, the moral or religious sensibilities of an audience, or wider social and legal norms. Subjects that transgressive art might engage with can include sex and sexuality, violence, the body, religion, or obscenity or profanity. Well-known examples of transgressive art include Marcel Duchamp's Fountain (1917), Andres Serrano's Piss Christ (1987), and Chris Ofili's The Holy Virgin Mary (1996). In literature, works commonly associated with transgression include American Psycho (1991) and the work of Kathy Acker, while cinematic examples include Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom or underground films connected to the Cinema of Transgression. The term is often applied retrospectively by critics and art historians rather than adopted by artists themselves. What constitues transgression also varies considerably according to the social, cultural, and artistic conventions of a particular time and place; what is transgressive in one context may become conventional in another.