Turin Papyrus Map

The Turin Papyrus Map, also known as the Mine Papyrus or "Goldmine Papyrus", is an ancient Egyptian map on papyrus, dated to 1155–1150 BCE and preserved in the Museo Egizio in Turin. It is generally considered one of the earliest known geographical maps, the oldest surviving topographic map from ancient Egypt and the world's oldest surviving geological map. The map was drawn on the recto of the papyrus and represents the Wadi Hammamat in the Eastern Desert, while the verso contains unrelated texts in hieratic. The map has been connected with a quarrying expedition organized in the third year of Ramesses IV's reign to obtain blocks of bekhen-stone, usually identified with greywacke, for royal statues. The papyrus probably belonged to the Deir el-Medina scribe Amennakhte, son of Ipuy, who is also considered a likely author of the document.