Yips

The yips are a psychoneuromuscular impediment, a sudden and unexplained loss of ability to execute certain skills in experienced performers such as athletes. Symptoms of the yips are losing fine motor skills and/or proprioception, or being affected by psychological issues such as performance anxiety that impact the muscle memory and decision-making, leaving them unable to perform basic skills. The exact cause of the yips is still not fully understood. A yips episode may last a short time before the abilities return or it can require longer term adjustments to technique before recovery occurs. In some cases, a player at the highest level does not recover at all, forcing them to abandon the sport altogether. Causes include but may not be limited to performance anxiety and neurological conditions. There have been a plethora of treatment options tested to ameliorate the yips, including clinical sport psychology therapy, motor imagery, pre-performance routines, medication, botulinum toxin, acupuncture, and emotional freedom techniques. However, their possible effectiveness is primarily based on personal experience rather than well-founded research evidence. Early intervention with a thorough treatment plan is imperative for recovery of athletes with yips.