Zadar

Zadar (US: ZAH-dar, Croatian: [zâdar] ), historically known as Zara (from Venetian and Italian, pronounced [ˈdzaːra]; see also other names), is the oldest continuously inhabited city in Croatia. It is situated on the Adriatic Sea, at the northwestern part of Ravni Kotari region. Zadar serves as the seat of Zadar County and of the wider northern Dalmatian region. The city proper covers 25 km2 (9.7 sq mi) with a population of 75,082 in 2011, making it the second-largest city in Dalmatia and the fifth-largest in the country. Zadar traces its origins to the 9th century BC as a settlement of the Illyrian tribe of the Liburnians, called Iader. In 59 BC, it was renamed Iadera (Jadera) when it became a Roman municipium. In 48 BC, it became a Roman colony. During Roman rule, Zadar acquired the characteristics of a traditional ancient Roman city, with a regular street grid, a public square (forum), and an elevated capitolium with a temple. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD, Zadar became the capital of the Byzantine Theme of Dalmatia. At the beginning of the 9th century, Zadar briefly came under Frankish rule. In 998, the city swore allegiance to Doge Pietro II Orseolo and became a vassal of the Republic of Venice. In 1186, it placed itself under the protection of the Hungarian King Béla III. In the Middle Ages, Zadar's population was predominantly Romance and the Dalmatian language was spoken, later largely replaced with related Venetian, which would remain the principal language spoken in the city until the 20th century. In 1202, during the Fourth Crusade, the Venetians, with the help of the Crusaders, reconquered and plundered Zadar. The Kingdom of Hungary gained control of the city following the Treaty of Zadar in 1358, when it was taken...