Zeila

Zeila (Somali: Saylac, Arabic: زيلع, romanized: Zayla), also spelled Zaila or Zayla, is a historical port town in the western Awdal region of Somaliland. In the Middle Ages, the Jewish traveller Benjamin of Tudela identified Zeila with the Biblical location of Havilah. Most modern scholars identify it with the site of Avalites mentioned in the 1st-century Greco-Roman travelogue the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea and in Ptolemy, although this is disputed. The town evolved into an early Islamic center with the arrival of Muslims shortly after the Hijrah. By the 9th century, Zeila was the capital of the early Adal Kingdom and Ifat Sultanate in the 13th century, it would attain its height of prosperity a few centuries later in the 16th century. The city subsequently was under Ottoman protection from the 16th to the 19th century, during which it was briefly seized by Sharmarke Ali Saleh in 1856. It later transitioned from Ottoman to British control. Up until recently Zeila was surrounded by a large wall with five gates: Bab al-Sahil and Bab al-Jadd on the North. Bab Abdulqadir on the East: Bab al-Sahil on the west and Bab Ashurbura on the south. Historically, Zeila was a cosmopolitan port city inhabited by various ethnic groups such as Somalis, Afars and Arabs. The town of Zeila and the wider Zeila District is currently inhabited by the Gadabuursi and Issa, both subclans of the Dir clan family. The Issa clan regard Zeila as their traditional home, having historic ties to the town, serving as the site where their Ughaz is crowned. It was also viewed as the seat of the Gadabursi Ughazate, where the French and British signed treaties with them.