Andrew Ryan (BioShock)

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Andrew Ryan is a fictional character in the BioShock video game series created by Ken Levine and developed by Irrational Games. Voiced by Armin Shimerman, he is the founder and ruler of the underwater city of Rapture and the secondary antagonist of the first BioShock. Although encountered directly only once, Ryan is a pervasive presence throughout the game through broadcasts, audio recordings and the ideology embedded in Rapture itself. He later appears posthumously in BioShock 2 and its multiplayer mode and returns during the events preceding the first game in BioShock Infinite: Burial at Sea. Ryan is portrayed in BioShock as an uncompromising individualist whose attempt to establish a society free from government, religion and regulation collapses as Rapture descends into civil war. His characterization drew particularly from Ayn Rand and Objectivism, with Levine also citing businessman Howard Hughes as an influence. Levine contrasted Ryan's sincere commitment to his ideals with the opportunism of Frank Fontaine, and developed Ryan's confrontation with protagonist Jack around the character's belief that individual choice is more important than survival. Ryan has been positively received for his characterization and Shimerman's performance, and has been regarded as one of the best video game antagonists. His ideology, the failure of Rapture, and his final confrontation with Jack have also received extensive scholarly analysis. Critics and academics have particularly examined Ryan in relation to Objectivism, individualism, authoritarianism, and BioShock's treatment of free will and player agency.