Anisodamine

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Anisodamine, also known as (6S)-6-hydroxyhyoscyamine, is a mAChR anticholinergic and α1 adrenergic receptor antagonist used in China. It is given orally or by injection, as a racemic mixture (racanisodamine) or as a hydrobromide salt of the natural enantiometer. It is injected to treat acute circulatory shock, used orally to treat smooth muscle spasms in the GI tract, and as an eye drop at 0.5% concentration for slowing the progression of myopia. Anisodamine is a naturally occurring tropane alkaloid found in some plants of the family Solanaceae including Datura. Its English name anisodamine and its Mandarin Chinese name 山莨菪碱 are given after Anisodus tanguticus (Chinese: 山莨菪; pinyin: shān làng dàng). In rodents, anisodamine is more "selective" in its action compared to atropine. It poorly passes the blood-brain barrier and binds brain mAChR less tightly. In rodents, it exhibits weaker CNS effects, causes less mydriasis, but has approximately equal or slightly lower potency in blocking spasms and in reducing GI motility. Chinese textbooks consider it to have a similar spectrum of effects on humans. As a result, it (or rather, its synthetic racemic version) is widely used in China. It was added to China's national Essential Medicine List in 2012.