Antifa (Germany)

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Antifa (German pronunciation: [ˈantifa] ) is a political movement in Germany composed of multiple militant groups and individuals on the political left, who describe themselves as anti-fascist; its primary activity has been combating fascism: initially Nazism, and later neo-Nazism. The antifa movement in Germany has existed in different eras and incarnations, dating back to Antifaschistische Aktion, from which the moniker antifa came. Antifaschistische Aktion was set up by the then-Stalinist Communist Party of Germany (KPD) during the late history of the Weimar Republic. After the forced dissolution in the wake of Machtergreifung ('power seizure') in 1933, the movement went underground. In the postwar era, Antifaschistische Aktion inspired a variety of different autonomous movements, groups and individuals in Germany as well as other countries which widely adopted variants of its aesthetics and some of its tactics. Known as the wider antifa movement, the contemporary antifa groups have no direct organisational connection to Antifaschistische Aktion. The contemporary antifa movement has its roots in the West German Außerparlamentarische Opposition left-wing student movement and largely adopted the aesthetics of the first movement while being ideologically somewhat dissimilar. The first antifa groups in this tradition were founded by the Maoist Communist League in the early 1970s. From the late 1980s, West Germany's squatter scene and left-wing autonomism movement were the main contributors to the new antifa movement and in contrast to the earlier movement had a more anarcho-communist leaning. The contemporary movement has splintered into different groups and factions, including one anti-imperialist and anti-Zionist faction and one anti-German faction who strongly oppose each other, mainly over their views on Israel. German government institutions such as the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution and the Federal Agency for Civic Education describe the contemporary antifa movement as part of the extreme left and as partially...