Baituan

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The Baituan (Chinese: 白團; pinyin: Báituán; Japanese: 白団, Paidan or Baidan, lit. "White Group") was a secret military advisory group consisting mainly of former officers of the Imperial Japanese Army and Imperial Japanese Navy, who served the Republic of China Armed Forces in Taiwan at the request of Chiang Kai-shek, President of the Republic of China. Between 1949 and 1969, a total of 83 members served under the leadership of Tomita Naoaki (a Major General in the Imperial Japanese Army, known in China as Pai Hung-liang or Bai Hongliang). Prior to the deployment of the Baituan, some former Japanese military officers such as Masanobu Tsuji, Raishirō Sumita, and Hiroshi Nemoto had already participated in the Kuomintang (KMT) forces as military advisors. Although they did not join the Baituan itself, they similarly contributed to assisting the Republic of China.