Cebuella

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The pygmy marmoset (genus Cebuella) is a small New World monkey. The genus consists of two species, the Western pygmy marmoset (Cebuella pygmaea), and the Eastern pygmy marmoset, (Cebuella niveiventris). The smallest monkey in the world at just over 100 g (3.5 oz), it is native to rainforests of the western Amazon Basin in South America. It is generally found in evergreen and river-edge forests and is a gum-feeding specialist, or gummivore. About 83% of the pygmy marmoset population lives in stable troops of two to nine individuals, including a dominant male, a breeding female, and up to four successive litters of offspring. The modal size of a standard stable troop would be six individuals. Although most groups consist of family members, some may also include one or two additional adult members. Members of the group communicate using a complex system including vocal, chemical, and visual signals. Three main calling signals depend on the distance the call needs to travel. These monkeys may also make visual displays when threatened or to show dominance. Chemical signaling using secretions from glands on the chest and genital area allow the female to indicate to the male when she is able to reproduce. The female gives birth to twins twice a year and the parental care is shared among the group. The pygmy marmoset is viewed as somewhat different from typical marmosets, most of which are classified in the genera Callithrix (where they were placed in a subgenus) and Mico, and thus is accorded its own genus, Cebuella, within the family Callitrichidae. Their biggest threats are habitat loss and the pet trade.