CONEFO

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The Conference of the New Emerging Forces (CONEFO) was an intergovernmental organization that existed from 1965 to 1966. CONEFO was the idea of President Sukarno of Indonesia, which he put forward in a speech at the UN General Assembly on 30 September 1960 entitled "To Build the World Anew" to reform the UN and in early 1965 this idea evolved into creating a new bloc of "emerging countries" that would be an alternative power centre to the United Nations and to the "old-established forces" — a category in which Sukarno included both the United States and the Soviet Union. It was intended to build on the legacy of the 1955 Bandung Conference and the Non-Aligned Movement, by asserting the interests of the Third World and a neutral posture towards the Cold War. CONEFO was intended as an "International Nasakom," an internationalization of Sukarno's united front policy inside Indonesia that balanced nationalist, religious, and communist forces. Surachman, secretary general of Sukarno's PNI, articulated CONEFO's ultimate aims: "Concerning the Conefo proposal of Bung Karno, its success will mean the collapse of the United Nations, and the formation of a new United Nations cleansed of imperialism and its puppets." The PKI leader D. N. Aidit promoted CONEFO in Romania and the Soviet Union. CONEFO was officially established on 7 January 1965, after Sukarno's government objected to Malaysia becoming a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council, at a time of the low-level Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation between the two countries. Sukarno took Indonesia out of the UN (the only country to have done so) and formed a rival world organization, having taken similar steps when he created the Games of the New Emerging Forces (GANEFO) as an alternative to the Olympic Games in 1963. Indonesia constructed a new building complex in Jakarta to host CONEFO...