Deir Hanna

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Deir Hanna (Arabic: دير حنا, Hebrew: דֵיר חַנָּא) is an Arab town and local council in the Northern District of Israel, located on the hills of the Lower Galilee, 23 kilometres (14 mi) southeast of Acre. In 2024, it had a population of 10,762. Approximately 90% of Deir Hanna's inhabitants are Muslims and the remaining 10% are Christians. The village may have been a center of rabbinic Judaism in the 1st century and in the 12th–13th centuries, was mentioned as a village of a Crusader fief. In the 18th century, during Ottoman rule, Deir Hanna became the rural stronghold of the Zayadina, a local family of strongmen and tax farmers led by Sheikh Daher al-Umar which controlled northern Palestine. Daher's brother Sa'd al-Umar built a fine mosque and substantially fortified Deir Hanna when he controlled it in the 1730s–1761 and further additions were successively made by Daher and his son Ali. The fortifications spanned an outer enclosure topped by twelve towers, an inner enclosure and two detached outer towers. The Zayadina lost control of the fortress village after a lengthy siege by Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar on 22 July 1776, sealing the end of the family's roughly century-long power. The fortress was largely destroyed but Deir Hanna was mentioned again in European travelogues throughout the 19th century as a religiously mixed village of Muslims and Greek Orthodox Christians living within the fortress remains.