Desperado (ajedrez)

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In chess, a desperado has two different meanings. It can either be a piece that is en prise or trapped, but captures an enemy piece before it is itself captured in order to compensate the loss a little, or a piece that is used as a sacrifice that will result in stalemate if it is captured. The former case can arise in a situation where both sides have hanging pieces, in which case these pieces are used to win material prior to being captured. A desperado in the latter case is usually a rook or a queen; such a piece is sometimes also called "mad" or "crazy" (e.g. crazy rook). A simple example illustrating the first definition comes from a 1958 game between future world champions Tigran Petrosian and Bobby Fischer (diagram). White had just captured the e5-pawn with his knight on f3. The white knight can be taken, but White's move also opened a discovered attack on the black knight on h5. If Black takes the knight, then 13.Qxh5 leaves him a pawn down. To avoid this, Black sacrificed the h5-knight, capturing a pawn with tempo on the rook: Fischer later said 13...dxe5 would have been better; the game ended in a draw. A classic example of the first definition is Bogoljubow–Schmid, West German championship, Bad Pyrmont 1949, which began 1. e4 e5 2.