Emanuel Celler

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Emanuel Celler (May 6, 1888 – January 15, 1981) was an American attorney and Democratic politician from New York who represented parts of the New York City boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens in the United States House of Representatives for nearly 50 years, from March 1923 to January 1973. He served as the dean of the United States House of Representatives from 1965 to 1973. Celler chaired the House Committee on the Judiciary for eleven terms between 1949 and 1973 and was a leading advocate for the liberalization of immigration and naturalization laws, from his early stand against the Immigration Act of 1924 to his sponsorship of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, which dramatically increased and diversified immigration to the United States. He ranks as the fifth longest-serving congressman in United States history and the longest-serving member of either house of Congress in New York state history. Celler strongly supported help for Jewish refugees fleeing Europe during World War II. As chair of the House Judiciary Committee for all but two years between 1949 and 1973, he ushered the major civil rights legislation including the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965. In the early 1970s, Celler opposed the Equal Rights Amendment. He was defeated in the 1972 primary by Elizabeth Holtzman, becoming the most senior member of the House of Representatives ever to lose a party primary.