Kainua

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Kainua was an ancient Etruscan city near the modern town of Marzabotto, in the Metropolitan City of Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy. It stood on the Pian di Misano and the adjacent height of Misanello, in the valley of the Reno in the Bolognese Apennines. The city developed during the 6th century BC, was reorganized between the late 6th and early 5th century BC, and was abandoned during the 4th century BC, in connection with the Celtic migrations into northern Italy. Kainua is one of the most important archaeological sites for the study of Etruscan urbanism. Unlike many other Etruscan cities, it was not extensively covered by later urban development, allowing streets, houses, workshops, sacred areas, drainage systems, necropoleis and the acropolis to be studied as parts of a single planned city. Historically the site was often known as Misa, a name derived from the local toponym Misano. The ancient name Kainua is inferred from Etruscan inscriptions found at the site, especially the form kainuaϑi, interpreted as a locative expression meaning "at Kainua" or "in Kainua".