Kasym Khan

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Muhammad Qasim bin Janibek Khan (Kazakh: محمد قاسم بن جانی بک خان, Мухаммед Қасым бин Жәнібек хан, romanized: Qasym bin Jänıbek Han), known by his shortened regal name as Qasim Khan (also spelled as Kasym Khan) was a son of Janibek Khan. He ruled as the fourth Khan of the Kazakh Khanate from about 1511 to 1521. He is viewed as the greatest leader to unite the Kazakh tribes. Although, Burunduk Khan was the Khan of the Kazakhs, the control of the government was in the hands of Qasim Khan. Eventually, he sent Burunduk Khan into exile who died in Samarkand. Qasim Khan had a brother named Adik Khan who was married to Sultana Nigar Khanim, daughter of Yunus Khan of Moghulistan. When Adik Khan died, Qasim Khan took her as his wife.Qasim Khan is generally regarded as one of the greatest rulers of the Kazakh Khanate. Shortly after taking the throne in 1510, Qasim Khan fought against his cousin Muhammad Shaybani for control of the Desht-i-Kipchak region. After Shaybani and the Uzbeks suffered severe losses in numerous battles near Lake Balkhash, the Uzbek Khanate agreed to give Qasim Khan and the Kazakhs all former Uzbek lands north of the Syr Darya. This effectively allowed Qasim Khan to conquer all of modern Kazakhstan, much of modern-day Uzbekistan, and parts of southwestern Siberia, western China, and Kyrgyzstan. The Kazakh Khanate consistently controlled of all of these lands until the 18th century, when they began suffering attacks from the Tsardom of Russia in the north, the Emirate of Bukhara to the south, and the Dzungars in the east. After his conquests against Muhammad Shaybani, Qasim began to advance the power of the Kazakh state for the long term. He is credited with creating the first written code of laws for the Kazakhs,...