lieutenant commander

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Lieutenant commander (LCDR) is considered a mid-grade officer rank in the United States Navy, the United States Coast Guard, the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps (NOAA Corps), with the pay grade of O-4 and NATO rank code OF-3. The United States Maritime Services (USMS), a voluntary training organization of the U.S. Department of Transportation, also uses the rank of lieutenant commander. Lieutenant commander ranks above lieutenant and below commander. The rank is also used in the United States Maritime Service. The rank is equivalent to a major in the United States Army, United States Air Force, United States Marine Corps, and United States Space Force. When introducing a lieutenant commander, their full rank should always be used; however, in general conversation they are usually called "commander" even though they are not "full" commanders (which is one rank higher). Simply "lieutenant" is never used because it is one rank lower. Promotion to lieutenant commander in the U.S. Navy is governed by United States Department of Defense policies derived from the Defense Officer Personnel Management Act of 1980. DOPMA guidelines suggest 70-90% of lieutenants should be promoted to lieutenant commander after serving a minimum of three years as lieutenants and after attaining nine to eleven years of cumulative commissioned service. While lieutenant commander is the U.S. Navy's first commissioned officer rank to be selected by a board, lieutenant commanders have a long tradition of being considered junior officers due to their origin as "lieutenant, commanding". This can be seen visibly as lieutenant commanders do not wear the headgear embellishment (colloquially known as "scrambled eggs") on their combination covers. The U.S. Coast Guard used its own rank system until World War I. In 1916, discontent grew among Coast Guard captains: By...