Mac Cuu

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Mạc Cửu (Chinese: 鄚玖; pinyin: Mò Jiǔ, chữ Hán: 鄚玖, Vietnamese: Mạc Cửu; Khmer: ម៉ាក គីវ or ម៉ាក គូ; 1655– July 18, 1735), also spelled Mok Kui, was an exile from China who founded the Principality of Hà Tiên and ruled as its first monarch. He played a role in the relations between Cambodia and the Vietnamese Nguyễn court. He was born in Leizhou, Guangdong, then under the rule of the Southern Ming dynasty. His birth name was Mạc Kính Cửu (莫敬玖, pinyin: Mò Jìngjiǔ), which could be easily confused with several rulers of the Mạc dynasty, including Mạc Kính Chỉ, Mạc Kính Cung, Mạc Kính Khoan and Mạc Kính Vũ. Therefore, he changed his name to Mạc Cửu (鄚玖). Mạc Cửu later decided to immigrate to Vietnam to expand his business. Sometime between 1687 and 1695, the Cambodian king granted him the Khmer title Okna (ឧកញ៉ា), and sponsored him to migrate to Southern Cambodia, where he at first served as chief of a small Chinese and Vietnamese community. He built a casino there and suddenly became rich. He then attracted his other fellow Chinese and Vietnamese to resettle here, and built seven villages in Phú Quốc, Lũng Kỳ (Kep), Cần Bột (Kampot), Hương Úc (modern Sihanoukville), Giá Khê (Rạch Giá) and Cà Mau. Chinese and Vietnamese had established their own town at Hà Tiên. Hà Tiên was originally known under the Khmer ពាម name of Piem or Peam (also Pie, Pam, Bam), the Khmer for "port", "harbour" or "river mouth". It was known variously as Gangkou (港口) in Chinese, and Pontomeas by Europeans. Hà Tiên was a part of Cambodia until the year 1714. However, this area had a dual political structure: Mạc Cửu ruled over the local Chinese and Vietnamese population, while the local Khmers continued to be...