Mahmud Shah

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Mahmud Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah (died 1528) was Sultan of Malacca from 1488 to 1511, and again as pretender to the throne from 1513 to 1528. He was son of Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah. As a monarch, he was known to be a ruthless ruler. After the Capture of Malacca and the downfall of the century-long sultanate, he left for Bintan and became a leader of a small confederacy which led attacks against Portuguese-occupied Malacca in the late 1510s. After retaliation from the Portuguese in 1526, he fled to Riau and died there in 1528. He had several consorts, the most notable being Tun Teja. The sultan was surrounded by able men and warriors such as Hang Tuah, Khoja Hassan and Hang Nadim. He had three sons; Ahmad Shah, Muzaffar Shah I and Alauddin Riayat Shah II. Muzaffar and Alauddin Riayat would later form the sultanates of Perak and Johor, respectively. Sultan Mahmud is associated with the Malay legend of Puteri Gunung Ledang, which is about his failed courtship of a celestial princess.