Nikolai Koltsov

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Nikolai Konstantinovich Koltsov (Russian: Николай Константинович Кольцов; 14 July 1872 – 2 December 1940) was a Russian biologist and a pioneer of modern genetics. Among his students were Nikolay Timofeeff-Ressovsky, Vladimir Pavlovich Efroimson, A.S. Serebrovsky, and Nikolay Dubinin. Along with his students, he demonstrated the fine structure of genes, and examined the structure of the cell and pioneered the idea of a cytoskeleton. His career was cut short in Stalinist Russia after being falsely accused of supporting scientific racism. He died unexpectedly following government persecution and there are allegations that he was executed. Koltsov was born in a well-to do family, his father was an accountant in a fur company, and graduated from Moscow University in 1894. His master's thesis was in comparative anatomy and embryology. He spent time at the marine biology research station in Naples and was influenced by many scientists including Felix Dohrn, Edmund Beecher Wilson, H.A. Driesch, R. B. Goldschmidt and C. A. Herbst. He became a professor at Moscow University (1895–1911). He translated "The Mechanism of Mendialn Heredity" into Russian and established the Institute of Experimental Biology in the middle of 1917, just before the October Revolution.