Repaying malice with virtue

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"Repaying malice with virtue" (Chinese: 以德報怨; Wade–Giles: i3tê2pao4yüan4) refers to the summary of public and official policies regarding Chiang Kai-shek's lenient treatment of defeated Japan following World War II. Chiang's post-war declaration centered on "repaying malice with virtue" and his subsequent policy toward Japan had a decisive impact on the post-war fate of Japan, Sino-Japanese relations, and Japan–United States relations, as well as far-reaching effects on the Cold War structure and the order in East Asia. Although the name of this policy might originate from the Analects or the Tao Te Ching, the former actually states: "If you repay injury with kindness, with what will you repay kindness? Repay injury with justice, and repay kindness with kindness," whereas the latter states: "Recompense injury with kindness." The central philosophical tenets of these two classical texts are quite distinct.