Ruguanxue

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Ruguanxue (simplified Chinese: 入关学; traditional Chinese: 入關學; pinyin: rùguānxué; IPA: [ɻûkwánɕɥě]; Cantonese Yale: yahpgwāanhohk; lit. 'breakthrough studies') or Ruguanism is a nationalistic, memetic discourse on the Chinese Internet that likens Sino-American relations to the Ming-Qing transition. The United States is analogized to the corrupt and declining Ming dynasty and China to the rising but ostracized Later Jin/Qing dynasty, with the premise concluding that the only way China can ensure its own survival is to "break through the Shanhai Pass" and take over the position of Mandate of Heaven from the old empire. Chinese scholar Fu Zheng summarizes three common views towards Ruguanxue as either reflecting a new era of national self-confidence, as ultra-nationalism, or as petty-bourgeois ideology.