Tornado Cash

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Tornado Cash (also stylized as TornadoCash) is an open source, non-custodial, fully decentralized cryptocurrency tumbler that runs on Ethereum Virtual Machine-compatible networks. It offers a service that mixes potentially identifiable or "tainted" cryptocurrency funds with others, so as to obscure the trail back to the fund's original source. This is a privacy tool used in EVM networks where all transactions are public by default. In August 2022, the U.S. Department of the Treasury blacklisted the protocol, making it illegal for US citizens, residents and companies to use it. The project's web domain and GitHub accounts were also shut down, and one of the developers of the software was arrested. On November 26, 2024 a US Federal Appeals court overturned an earlier ruling stating that the law could not sanction a protocol. The project is governed through a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) and uses the $TORN token as a voting system for protocol updates. Tornado Cash uses multiple smart contracts that accept different quantities of ETH and ERC-20 deposits. These deposits can later be withdrawn to a different address by providing a cryptographic proof, hence breaking the link in the chain between the sender and the recipient. Tornado Cash was created in 2019, and was alleged by the U.S. Department of the Treasury to have been "used to launder more than $96 million of malicious cyber actors' funds derived from the June 24, 2022 Harmony Bridge Heist".