Wenzong

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Jayaatu Khan (born Tugh Temür; 16 February 1304 – 2 September 1332), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Wenzong of Yuan, was an emperor of the Yuan dynasty. Apart from Emperor of China, he is regarded as the 12th Khagan of the Mongol Empire, although it was only nominal due to the division of the empire. He first ruled from 16 October 1328 to 26 February 1329 before abdicating in favour of his brother Kusala (Emperor Mingzong), and again ruled from 8 September 1329 to 2 September 1332 after Kusala's death. Thanks to his father's loyal partisans, Tugh Temür did restore the line of Khayishan (Emperor Wuzong) to the throne but persecuted his eldest brother Kusala's family, and later expressed remorse for what he had done to him. His name means "Blessed/lucky Khan". Tugh Temür sponsored many cultural activities, wrote poetry, painted, and read Chinese classical texts. Examples of his quite competent poetry and calligraphy have survived. He mandated and closely monitored the compilation called "The Imperial Dynasty's grand institutions for managing the world"; through this textual production, he proclaimed his reign as new beginning, which took stock of the administrative practices and rules of the past and looked forward to a fresh chapter in Yuan dynastic governance. But his reign was brief, and his administration was in the hands of powerful ministers, such as El Temür of the Qipchaq and Bayan of the Merkid who had helped him to win the succession struggle in 1328.