duc de Berwick

EN Texte en anglais Pas encore d'article dans ta langue : extrait en anglais.

Duke of Berwick () (Spanish: Duque de Berwick) is a title that was created in the Peerage of England on 19 March 1687 for James FitzJames, the illegitimate son of James II and VII, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland and Arabella Churchill. The title's name refers to the town of Berwick-upon-Tweed in England, near the border with Scotland. Its creation is not considered part of the illegitimate Jacobite peerage, and no Writ of attainder was issued by Parliament for the Dukedom (although it was for the Duke himself), the title is still considered by some as theoretically extant, albeit dormant, in the Peerage of England and could be petitioned for reinstatement by the legitimate heirs male of the body (as detailed below in the list of Jacobite succession). Since 13 December 1707, when Philip V of Spain confirmed the title in his kingdom, and conferred the dignity of Grandee to the 1st Duke of Berwick, the dukedom is also a title of the Spanish nobility. Unlike the English peerage, however, the Spanish title follows the rule of absolute primogeniture, which allows the first‑born child to inherit regardless of gender (female or male). As a result, when the 10th Duke of Berwick died in September 1953 leaving only a daughter, the succession split into two separate lines. At this point, under English agnatic primogeniture, the English title passed to the nephew of the 10th Duke, Don Fernando Fitz-James Stuart y Saavedra, 19th Duke of Peñaranda (1922–1971). He was succeeded by his son, Don Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart y Gómez, 20th Duke of Peñaranda (born 1947), who became the 12th Duke of Berwick in 1971. The heir presumptive to the English dukedom is his younger brother, Don Luis Fitz‑James Stuart y Gómez, 14th Marquess of Valderrábano (born 1950). As neither Jacobo nor...