MacOS version history

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The history of macOS, Apple's current Mac operating system (formerly named Mac OS X until 2011 and then OS X until 2016), began with the company's project to replace its classic Mac OS. That system, up to and including its final release Mac OS 9, was a direct descendant of the operating system Apple had used in its Mac computers since their introduction in 1984. The current macOS is a UNIX operating system built on technology that had been developed at NeXT from the 1980s until Apple purchased the company in early 1997. macOS components derived from BSD include multiuser access, TCP/IP networking, and memory protection. Although it was originally marketed as simply "version 10" of Mac OS (indicated by the Roman numeral "X"), it has a completely different codebase from Mac OS 9, as well as substantial changes to its user interface (UI). The transition was a technologically and strategically significant one. To ease the transition for users and developers, versions 10.0 through 10.4 were able to run Mac OS 9 and its applications in the Classic Environment, a compatibility layer. macOS was first released in 1999 as Mac OS X Server 1.0, built using the technologies Apple acquired from NeXT, but did not include the signature Aqua UI. Mac OS X 10.0 is the first desktop version, aimed at regular users, released in March 2001. Several more distinct desktop and server editions of macOS have been released since. Mac OS X Server is no longer offered as a standalone operating system with the release of Mac OS X 10.7 Lion. Instead, server management tools were provided as an application, available as a separate add-on, until it was discontinued on April 21, 2022, making it incompatible with macOS 13 Ventura or later. Releases of macOS, starting with the Intel...