Pyrococcus yayanosii

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Pyrococcus yayanosii is a strictly anaerobic, hyperthermophilic archaeon, first identified through samples from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent, it is characterized as a motile Gram-negative marine archaeon that is roughly cocci shaped and 1-1.5 μm in diameter, with lophotrichous flagellation. As the current most thermophilic species within the order of Thermococcales, P. yayanosii exhibit various selective conditions for growth, including high pressures and temperatures, with an average doubling time of 50 minutes. Genome analysis reveal a 49 percent guanine-cytosine DNA content with Pyrococcus furiosus being its closest species relative. Pyrococcus yayanosii are unicellular organisms that are salt-dependent, residing in environments that exhibit moderate concentrations of NaCl. Through utilizing an anaerobic growth method, P. yayanosii is capable of using various simple and complex substrates for fermentation. While this pathway results in slower growth rates compared to aerobic metabolism, elemental sulfur has been found to promote growth for this species. Similar to some hydrothermal vent microbes, P. yayanosii employs sulfur assimilation in facilitating biological processes, thereby producing byproducts such as 3'-Phosphoadenosine 5'-monophosphate (pAp).