western

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The Western is a genre of fiction typically set in the American frontier, commonly referred to as the “Old West” or “Wild West”. Stories in the genre are most commonly set during the period of westward expansion in the 19th century, particularly from the mid-19th century (around the time of the California Gold Rush) through the closing of the American frontier in 1890, although works may be set outside this period. The American Film Institute’s definition of the Western focuses on the American West and the “spirit, struggle, and demise” of the frontier rather than imposing exact dates. The genre is commonly associated with folk tales of the Western United States, particularly the Southwestern United States, as well as Northern Mexico and Western Canada. The frontier is depicted in Western fiction as a sparsely populated, often lawless region inhabited by cowboys, outlaws, sheriffs, gunslingers, settlers, soldiers, and Native Americans. Western narratives frequently concern the settlement and transformation of the American West, exploring themes such as justice, freedom, rugged individualism, manifest destiny, conflict between civilization and wilderness, and the national identity of the United States. In many traditional Westerns, Native Americans were portrayed as averse foes, savages, or through stereotypical depictions, although later works increasingly presented more nuanced and sympathetic portrayals. Originating in vaquero heritage and Western fiction, the genre popularized the Western lifestyle, country-Western music, and Western wear globally. Throughout the history of the genre, it has seen popular revivals and been incorporated into various subgenres.