Yueban

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Örpün or Yueban (Old Turkic: 𐰇𐰺𐰯𐰆𐰤, romanized: Örpün), (Chinese: 悅般, Middle Chinese: */jiuᴇt̚-pˠan/ < Late Han Chinese: */jyat-pɑn/), colloquially: "Weak Xiongnu", was an early Turkic tribe identified by Chinese historians as remnants of Northern Xiongnu in Zhetysu, now part of modern-day Kazakhstan. In Chinese literature they are commonly called Yueban. The Yuebans gained their own visibility after disintegration of the Northern Xiongnu state, because unlike the main body of the Northern Xiongnu, who escaped from the Chinese sphere of knowledge, the Yueban tribes remained closer to China. The Örpün emerged after the disintegration of the Xiongnu confederation. About 480s, the Örpün split into four Chuy tribes: Chuyue (處月), Chumi (處密), Chumukun (處木昆), and Chuban (處半). One Örpün branch, Chuyue, later intermixing with Göktürks, formed the Shatuo of the Western Göktürk Khaganate. The Örpün-descended Shatuo played an important role in Chinese dynastic history. In the 10th century the remaining Shatuo branch of the Chuy tribe possibly joined the Tatar confederation in the territory of the modern Mongolia, and became known as Ongud or White Tatars branch of the Tatars. Another Örpün-descended tribe, Chumukun, might be associated with the Kimek confederation. Yury Zuev reconstructed 悅般 Yueban's underlying form as *Örpen ~ Ürpen, identifiable with the toponym Örpün mentioned in Bilge Khagan inscription.