Abell 2744

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Abell 2744, nicknamed Pandora's Cluster, is a giant galaxy cluster resulting from the simultaneous pile-up of at least four separate, smaller galaxy clusters that took place over a span of 350 million years, and is located approximately 4 billion light years from Earth. The galaxies in the cluster make up less than five percent of its mass. The gas (around 20 percent) is so hot that it shines only in X-rays. Dark matter makes up around 75 percent of the cluster's mass. This cluster also shows a radio halo along with several other Abell clusters. It has a strong central halo, along with an extended tail, which could either be relic radiation, or an extension of the central halo. Renato Dupke, a member of the team that discovered the Cluster, explained the origin of the name in an interview: "We nicknamed it ‘Pandora's Cluster’ because so many different and strange phenomena were unleashed by the collision." Abell 2744 is a highly dynamic and massive galaxy cluster, with gravitational lensing analyses and X-ray imaging identifying eight massive substructures in an ongoing merger between North and South subclusters, with a minor interloper falling inward from the Northwest. The major North-South merger is seen head-on, mostly out of the plane of the sky, with the southern subcluster in front of the northern subcluster. The number of massive substructures is unusually high for galaxy clusters, and indicates the cluster is undergoing a period of intense change in its formation.